Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
The Association between Z-Score of Log-Transformed A Body Shape Index and Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: Wankyo Chung, Jung Hwan Park, Hye Soo Chung, Jae Myung Yu, Shinje Moon, Dong Sun Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(5):675-682. Published online April 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0169

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Background

In order to overcome the limitations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), the z-score of the log-transformed A Body Shape Index (LBSIZ) has recently been introduced. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the LBSIZ and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Korean representative sample.

Methods

Data were collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination VI to V. The association between CVD and obesity indices was analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic curve. The cut-off value for the LBSIZ was estimated using the Youden index, and the odds ratio (OR) for CVD was determined via multivariate logistic regression analysis. ORs according to the LBSIZ value were analyzed using restricted cubic spline regression plots.

Results

A total of 31,227 Korean healthy adults were analyzed. Area under the curve (AUC) of LBSIZ against CVD was 0.686 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.671 to 0.702), which was significantly higher than the AUC of BMI (0.583; 95% CI, 0.567 to 0.599) or WC (0.646; 95% CI, 0.631 to 0.661) (P<0.001). Similar results were observed for stroke and coronary artery diseases. The cut-off value for the LBSIZ was 0.35 (sensitivity, 64.5%; specificity, 64%; OR, 1.29, 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.49). Under restricted cubic spline regression, LBSIZ demonstrated that OR started to increase past the median value.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that the LBSIZ might be more strongly associated with CVD risks compared to BMI or WC. These outcomes would be helpful for CVD risk assessment in clinical settings, especially the cut-off value of the LBSIZ suggested in this study.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Body Shape Index and Cardiovascular Risk in Individuals With Obesity
Nazlı Hacıağaoğlu, Can Öner, Hüseyin Çetin, Engin Ersin Şimşek
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between body shape index and risk of mortality in the United States
Heysoo Lee, Hye Soo Chung, Yoon Jung Kim, Min Kyu Choi, Yong Kyun Roh, Wankyo Chung, Jae Myung Yu, Chang-Myung Oh, Shinje Moon
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Utility of the Z-score of log-transformed A Body Shape Index (LBSIZ) in the assessment for sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in the United States
Wankyo Chung, Jung Hwan Park, Hye Soo Chung, Jae Myung Yu, Dong Sun Kim, Shinje Moon
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Association between Serum Selenium Level and the Presence of Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies: Juno Kim, Hye Soo Chung, Min-Kyu Choi, Yong Kyun Roh, Hyung Joon Yoo, Jung Hwan Park, Dong Sun Kim, Jae Myung Yu, Shinje Moon; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(4):447-460. Published online January 2, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0123

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Background

Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between selenium (Se) and diabetes mellitus (DM). However, different studies have reported conflicting results. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to clarify the impact of Se on DM.

Methods

We searched the PubMed database for studies on the association between Se and DM from inception to June 2018.

Results

Twenty articles evaluating 47,930 participants were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis found that high levels of Se were significantly associated with the presence of DM (pooled odds ratios [ORs], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44 to 2.45). However, significant heterogeneity was found (I²=82%). Subgroup analyses were performed based on the Se measurement methods used in each study. A significant association was found between high Se levels and the presence of DM in the studies that used blood (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.60 to 2.93; I²=77%), diet (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.36; I²=0%), and urine (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.17; I²=0%) as samples to estimate Se levels, but not in studies on nails (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.52 to 2.98; I²=91%). Because of significant heterogeneity in the studies with blood, we conducted a sensitivity analysis and tested the publication bias. The results were consistent after adjustment based on the sensitivity analysis as well as the trim and fill analysis for publication bias.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis demonstrates that high levels of Se are associated with the presence of DM. Further prospective and randomized controlled trials are warranted to elucidate the link better.

Citations

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Response

Response: The Necessity of the Simple Tests for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients without Neuropathic Symptoms in Clinical Practice (Diabetes Metab J 2018;42:442–6): Jung Hwan Park, Dong Sun Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(6):546-547. Published online December 17, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0248

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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

WITHDRAWN: Efficacy of High-frequency Ultrasound Image Information Diagnosis on Neurological-abnormality in Patients with Type-2-diabetes Combined with Peripheral- neuropathy
Xiaoqiang Liu, Hongyan Zhou, Zhaoyun Wang, Xiaoli Liu, Xin Li, Chen Nie, Yang Li
Neuroscience Letters.2020; : 135205. CrossRef

Brief Report

Complications
The Necessity of the Simple Tests for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients without Neuropathic Symptoms in Clinical Practice: Jung Hwan Park, Dong Sun Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(5):442-446. Published online October 22, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.0090

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Early recognition and appropriate management of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DPNP) is important. We evaluated the necessity of simple, non-invasive tests for DPNP detection in clinical practice. We enrolled 136 randomly-chosen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and examined them with the 10-g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament examination, the 128-Hz tuning-fork, ankle-reflex, and pinprick tests; the Total Symptom Score and the 15-item self-administered questionnaire of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Among 136 patients, 48 had subjective neuropathic symptoms and 88 did not. The abnormal-response rates varied depending on the methods used according to the presence of subjective neuropathic symptoms (18.8% vs. 5.7%, P<0.05; 58.3% vs. 28.4%, P<0.005; 81.3% vs. 54.5%, P<0.005; 12.5% vs. 5.7%, P=0.195; 41.7% vs. 2.3%, P<0.001; and 77.1% vs. 9.1%, P<0.001; respectively). The largest abnormal response was derived by combining all methods. Moreover, these tests should be implemented more extensively in diabetic patients without neuropathic symptoms to detect DPNP early.

Citations

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A Machine Learning-Based Severity Prediction Tool for the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument
Fahmida Haque, Mamun B. I. Reaz, Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury, Mohd Ibrahim bin Shapiai, Rayaz A. Malik, Mohammed Alhatou, Syoji Kobashi, Iffat Ara, Sawal H. M. Ali, Ahmad A. A. Bakar, Mohammad Arif Sobhan Bhuiyan
Diagnostics.2023; 13(2): 264. CrossRef
Effect of Diabetic Neuropathy on Reparative Ability and Immune Response System
Emina Karahmet Sher, Besim Prnjavorac, Esma Karahmet Farhat, Benjamin Palić, Sabah Ansar, Farooq Sher
Molecular Biotechnology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Novel therapeutical approaches based on neurobiological and genetic strategies for diabetic polyneuropathy – A review
Emina Karahmet Sher, Amina Džidić-Krivić, Alma Karahmet, Merima Beća-Zećo, Esma Karahmet Farhat, Adaleta Softić, Farooq Sher
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(11): 102901. CrossRef
SUDOSCAN in Combination with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Is an Effective Tool for Screening Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Tae Jung Oh, Yoojung Song, Hak Chul Jang, Sung Hee Choi
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(2): 319. CrossRef
Detection of diabetic polyneuropathy in a family medicine clinic by using monofilament
Biljana Lakic, Verica Petrovic, Maja Racic, Kosana Stanetic
Vojnosanitetski pregled.2022; 79(4): 383. CrossRef
Association between Sleep Quality and Painless Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Assessed by Current Perception Threshold in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Dughyun Choi, Bo-Yeon Kim, Chan-Hee Jung, Chul-Hee Kim, Ji-Oh Mok
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(3): 358. CrossRef
Diabetic neuropathies
Kamakshi Patel, Holli Horak, Ezgi Tiryaki
Muscle & Nerve.2021; 63(1): 22. CrossRef
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Joyce K. Anastasi, Chloe Klug
Nursing.2021; 51(4): 34. CrossRef
A nomogram-based diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy severity prediction using Michigan neuropathy screening instrumentations
Fahmida Haque, Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz, Muhammad E.H. Chowdhury, Sawal Hamid Md Ali, Ahmad Ashrif A Bakar, Tawsifur Rahman, Syoji Kobashi, Chitra A. Dhawale, Mohammad Arif Sobhan Bhuiyan
Computers in Biology and Medicine.2021; 139: 104954. CrossRef
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Is it Underdiagnosed?
Rizaldy T. Pinzon, M. Kes, Rosa De Lima R. Sa
Asian Journal of Biological Sciences.2020; 13(2): 168. CrossRef
Risk factors associated with the progression of overactive bladder among patients with type 2 diabetes
Yiyi Zhu, Zaisheng Zhu, Jiajun Chen
International Journal of Clinical Practice.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Response: The Necessity of the Simple Tests for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients without Neuropathic Symptoms in Clinical Practice (Diabetes Metab J 2018;42:442–6)
Jung Hwan Park, Dong Sun Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(6): 546. CrossRef
Letter: The Necessity of the Simple Tests for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients without Neuropathic Symptoms in Clinical Practice (Diabetes Metab J 2018;42:442-6)
Jun Hwa Hong
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(6): 544. CrossRef

Original Article

The Effect of alpha-Lipoic Acid on Proteinuria and Renal TGFbeta Expression in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model.: Seok Woo Kang, Seong Jin Lee, Dong Sun Kim, Tae Wha Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(1):21-29. Published online February 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.1.21

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
It is well known that renal TGFbeta expression is related to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a potent antioxidant and cofactor of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, can improve the insulin resistance and the vascular endothelial dysfunction, and suppresses the development of diabetic vascular complications. This study was undertaken to investigate whether ALA could reduce urinary protein excretion and renal TGFbeta protein expression in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus animal model, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat. METHODS: Obese 30 male OLETF rats were randomly divided to 3 groups at the age of 30 weeks. The rats in the Control group fed normal rat chow while the rats in the ALA group were fed with rat chow containing ALA (0.5% of food weight). Ten rats in the Pair-fed group were fed with normal rat chow, but were given the same amount of food as consumed by the ALA group. During 5 weeks of ALA feeding, food intake and body weight were checked in metabolic chamber. Blood glucose levels, HbA1c and urinary protein excretion were measured at 30 weeks and 35 weeks of age, and renal TGFbeta protein expression at 35 weeks of age was measured by Western blot and represented by relative unit (RU). Immunohistochemical staining for TGFbeta protein in renal tissue was also examined at 35 weeks of age. RESULTS: Food intake, body weight, blood glucose levels, HbA1c and urinary protein excretion among the Control, ALA and Pair-fed groups at 30 weeks of age were not different. At 35 weeks of age, food intake was significantly decreased in the ALA group than the Control group (Control group vs. ALA group, 27.7 +/- 1.1 g/day vs. 22.4 +/- 1.4 g/day, P < 0.001), and body weight was significantly decreased in the ALA group than the Control and Pair-fed groups (Control group: 694.4 +/- 10.3 g, ALA group: 600.4 +/- 7.4 g, Pair-fed group: 685.4 +/- 11.6 g, P < 0.001). Blood glucose levels were significantly decreased in the ALA group than the Control and Pair-fed groups (Control group: 157.7 +/- 4.6 mg/dL, ALA group: 130.7 +/- 4.8 mg/dL, Pair-fed group: 153.7 +/- 3.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001) although blood glucose levels from 30 weeks to 34 weeks of age and HbA1c at 35 weeks of age were not different among the groups. Urinary protein excretion and renal TGFbeta protein expression were significantly decreased in the ALA group than the Control and Pair-fed groups (urinary protein excretion, Control group: 5.033 +/- 0.254 mg/mgCr, ALA group: 3.633 +/- 0.303 mg/mgCr, Pair-fed group: 4.977 +/- 0.339 mg/mgCr, P < 0.001; renal TGFbeta protein expression, Control group: 7.09 +/- 0.17 RU, ALA group: 4.14 +/- 0.26 RU, Pair-fed group: 7.00 +/- 0.29 RU, P < 0.001). In the ALA group at 35 weeks of age, urinary protein excretion and renal TGFbeta protein expression were positively related in the Control, ALA and Pair-fed groups (Control group, r = 0.847, P = 0.002; ALA group, r = 0.954, P < 0.001; Pair-fed group, r = 0.858, P = 0.002). TGFbeta staining in glomeruli was observed in all groups but was decreased in the ALA group at 35 weeks of age. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ALA may prevent the increase of food intake, body weight, blood glucose, urinary protein excretion and renal TGFbeta protein expression in obese type 2 diabetic rat model. The effect of ALA on diabetic nephropathy presented as proteinuria and renal TGFbeta expression in diabetic patients needs to be further clarified.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Dietary alpha-lipoic acid boosts growth, immune-antioxidant traits, behavior, and transcriptomes of antioxidant, apoptosis, and immune-related genes to combat cold stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Amany Behairy, Hanan A. Ghetas, Noura A. Abd-Allah, Walaa El-Houseiny, Ahmed H. Arisha, Mohamed M. M. Metwally, Basma A. Elshafey, Adham A. Al-Sagheer, Engy M. M. Mohamed
Aquaculture International.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

The Role of Growth Hormone in Glucose Homeostasis.: Dong Sun Kim, Tae Wha Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(2):91-96. Published online March 1, 2005

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Editorial

Secretion and Action of Ghrelin.: Tae Wha Kim, Dong Sun Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(3):164-168. Published online June 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Original Articles

The Role of Chromium as an Insulin Sensitizer in Rats Receivieng Corticosteroid.: Dong Sun Kim, Chang Beom Lee, Yong Soo Park, You Hern Ahn, Tae Wha Kim, Ho Soon Choi, Il Kyu Park, Hyun Jin Shin, Ju Seop Kang; Korean Diabetes J. 2001;25(3):211-217. Published online June 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Chromium (Cr) has been known to be essential for the regulation of insulin action. Recently it has been reported that corticosteroid increases urinary loss of Cr, and that Cr supplementation recovers steroid induced diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Rats were daily treated with dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg, ip) for first 7 days and were further treated daily with dexamethasone plus either chromium picolinate (30 mg/kg) or a placebo for a period of 14 days. RESULTS: At the end of experiment (Day 21), the control rats treated only with dexamethasone weighed 320 gram (80% of initial weight) in average, but the Cr treated rats weighed 364 gram (91% of initial weight. p<0.05). An insulin sensitivity test [subcutaneous injection of insulin (5 U/kg) plus intraperitoneal injection of glucose (30 minutes after insulin injection)] were conducted. During the insulin sensitivity tests, the area under curves (AUC(0->120 min)) of the time-glucose concentrations curves in the Cr-treated group were decreased compared to those in the control group (5250 vs 15883 mg-min/dL, p<0.01). Fasting serum insulin levels in the Cr-treated rats were clearly decreased by 46.9% compared to those in the control group (2.98 vs 5.60 ng/mL, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that chromium supplementation reverse a catabolic state, and increase insulin sensitivity in dexamethasone treated rats.

The Effect of Cyclosporine on Insulin Sensitivity in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats.: Ju Seop Kang, Dong Sun Kim, Chang Beom Lee, Yong Soo Park, Woong Hwan Choi, Tae Wha Kim, Mok Hyun Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 1999;23(2):142-146. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Cyclosporine (CsA), being used as a immunosuppressant is known to have deleterious effects on the liver and kidney, but the harmful effect on glucose tolerance has not been clearly elucidated. This study was undertaken to determine whether the CsA affected peripheral insulin sensitivity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: After the daily treatment of CsA (10mg/kg, i.p.) for 2 weeks, glucose tolerance tests were carried out by the intraperitoneal administration of glucose alone or in conjunction with insulin (5 U/kg, s.c.). The glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin sensitivity were determined by measuring the deremental area under the time-lasma glucose concentration curve (AUC; mg-min/mL) according to the trapezoidal rule. The plasma glucose levels (mg/dL) were measured by a glucose analyzer at 0, 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120min after glucose load (2 g/kg). The STZ-diabetic rats were divided into thre groups (GLU- as control, INS+GLU- and CsA+INS+GLU-treated group, n 7 in each groups). RESULTS: In STZ-diabetic rats, the AUC 0-120 of the CsA+INS+GLU-treated group was significantly (p<0.01) lower than those of the control group (48.6% of control), but significantly (p<0.03) higher thain those of the INS+GLUtreated group (28.1% of control). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that intraperitoneal injection of CsA gives rise to a deterioration of glucose etabolism which is probably due to a decrease of insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissue in STZ-diabetic rats.

Secretion of plasminogen activator by cultured bovine retinal endothelial cell:modulation by insulin-like growth factor-i.: Dong Sun Kim, Eung Jin Kim, Woong Hwan Choi, Tae Wha Kim, Mok Hyun Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 1993;17(4):359-366. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A clinical study on the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus.: Sung Mok Kim, Sang Ho Yoon, Dae Kwan Jeong, Ji Hee Han, Wun Young Yu, Chan Ju Lee, Hie Yeon Kim, Sean Jae Kang, Dong Sun Kim, Eung Jin Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 1993;17(3):293-300. Published online January 1, 2001

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